ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a commonly encountered infection of the middle ear. It cancause extra cranial and intracranial complications and involves considerable morbidity. Although it is a global disease, its incidence has remained relatively higher in resource-constrained countries. Due to its recurrent nature and the development of resistant pathogenic organisms, control of infection poses a greatest therapeutic challenge. Knowledge of the local microbial flora in CSOM is essential for initiating empirical therapy. The objective of our study was to examine the current bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern to locally available antibiotics in CSOM. Methods: A total of 157 patients clinically diagnosed of CSOM were enrolled in the study and the samples were obtained from each patient using sterile cotton swabs and were processed as per standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity to ten locally available antibiotics was analyzed. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for bacterial isolates was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of total 157 swabs bacterial growth was seen in 144 (91.72%) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22.9%) being the most common bacterial isolates. Among the antibiotics tested amikacin (88.3%), ciprofloxacin (78.9%) and cotrimoxazole (78.2%) were found to be most active against all the isolates, whereas maximum resistance was seen for ampicillin (45.8%). Poor hygiene 79 (50.3%) and pond/river bath 51 (32.5%) were the two most common predisposing factors associated with CSOM. Conclusion: In the era of continuously increasing drug resistance among bacteria, periodic monitoring of the bacterial isolates causing CSOM and their antibiogram with clinical correlation is very important. Local antimicrobial susceptibility data should be utilized for formulating antibiotic policy for every institution. Our results will surely help in the modification of hospital’s current antibiotic policy and also will optimize the therapy to patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hemangiomas are solitary or sometimes multiple flat or raised reddish blue lesions. These are benign, vascular tumours that can lead to disfigurement or may become life threatening. Oral mucosa and skin are most commonly affected. Many modes of therapy have been advised for hemangiomas, which include cautery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy and sclerosing agents. Aims & Objective: Present study was undertaken to study the non-surgical management of oral hemangioma. Material and Methods: A prospective study of all clinically diagnosed cases of oral hemangioma at a tertiary care hospital was carried out. Surface anaesthesia was given by 15% xylocaine spray. 3% sodium tetradecyl sulphate was given as intralesional injection at multiple sites with insulin syringe. 0.1 to 1ml of STS was injected depending upon the size of lesion. Follow up examination of all cases was done. Results: A total of 15 cases were included in the study, in a period of 5 years. Hemangioma regressed in all cases with relief of symptoms. All patients complaining of bleeding, inflammation and pain were given analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Complete remission was seen in 86.67% of the patients. 13.33% showed partial regression with ulceration and sloughing, which subsided with subsequent treatment. Conclusion: Various treatment modalities are recognised in the management of oral hemangiomas. Use of 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate is cheap, very effective and easy treatment modality. However, judicial use of dose, number and site of injections is advised to prevent further complications.
ABSTRACT
Background: Human wax is a mixture of desquamated keratinocytes secreted in outer third of the wall of external auditory canal. The wax produced forms a physiological barrier between the external environment and deep external auditory canal. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of human wax due to its chemical composition have raised considerable debate. Different authors have different views regarding the antimicrobial property of human wax. Aims & Objective: Present study was undertaken to study the antimicrobial property of human wax and to assess its preventive actions against some common flora. Material and Methods: A prospective study of healthy individuals, both males and females, of all age groups, without any pathology in the external and middle auditory canal who presented at outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in this region and few other private hospitals. Samples were collected from patients and studied for their antimicrobial effect. Results were recorded and analysed. Results: A total of 100 cases were included in the study, of which 52 sterile samples were tested with some common microbial flora. Data obtained was analysed. Conclusion: Variable results have been observed by different authors regarding antimicrobial properties of human wax. Our study highlights the antimicrobial property of human wax and signifies the role of further studies for antibacterial and antifungal role of human wax in diseased auditory canals.
ABSTRACT
Background: Middle ear cleft space starts from Eustachian tube, and includes middle ear, aditus & mastoid antrum. It develops from 1st visceral pouch. Blockage of middle ear cleft, particularly the aditus can result from a number of reasons. Tympanosclerosis creates obstruction in aeration of middle ear and mastoid antrum. Aims & Objective: To study effect of tympanosclerosis on blockage of middle ear cleft. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of all cases of cortical mastoidectomy surgeries done in a Tertiary care centre in Western U.P. was carried out. Relevant clinical data and histopathology reports were obtained from hospital records and the data was analysed. A total of 20 cases of cortical mastoidectomy were included in the study. Results: A total of 20 cases were included in the study, in the age group of 16 to 58 years. Tympanosclerosis was seen in 13 cases. In tympanosclerosis positive group, the mean age was 25-32years. The aditus was not patent in 10(50%) of patients in this group. Conclusion: Tympanosclerosis is a non-specific result of chronic inflammatory process and causes an increased risk for blockage of aditus through plaque formation. Clearance of these plaques and cortical mastoidectomy prevents recurrences.